Greek Alphabets (Letter, Uppercase, Lowercase) and Greek Numbers

Greek Alphabets

The Greek alphabets has been used to write Greek since the late 9th or early 8th century BC. The Greek alphabet is derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, and was the 1st alphabetic script to have different letters for vowels as well as consonants.

In Archaic and early Classical times, the Greek alphabets existed in many different local variants, but, by the late 4th century BC, the Eucleidean alphabet, with its 24 four letters, written from alpha to omega, had become the standard. This version is still used to write Greek to this day.

Letter	Uppercase	Lowercase
Alpha	Α	α
Beta	Β	β
Gamma	Γ	γ
Delta	Δ	δ
Epsilon	Ε	ε
Zeta	Ζ	ζ
Eta	Η	η
Theta	Θ	θ
Iota	Ι	ι
Kappa	Κ	κ
Lambda	Λ	λ
Mu	Μ	μ
Nu	Ν	ν
Xi	Ξ	ξ
Omicron	Ο	ο
Pi	Π	π
Rho	Ρ	ρ
Sigma	Σ	σ
Tau	Τ	τ
Upsilon	Υ	υ
Phi	Φ	φ
Chi	Χ	χ
Psi	Ψ	ψ
Omega	Ω	ω

Greek Numerals

The Greek numbers are represented by letters as digits.

α	β	γ	δ	ε	ζ	η	θ	ι	κ	λ	μ	ν	ξ	ο	π	ρ	σ	τ	υ	φ	χ	ψ	ω
1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9	10	11	12th	13	14th	15th	16	17th	18th	19th	20th	21	22nd	23	24

Modern Greek Numerals

0	μηδέν	[ miˈðɛn ]
1	ένας, μία, ένα ⁽¹⁾	[ ˈƐnas ], [ ˈmia ], [ ˈɛna ]	11	ένδεκα / έντεκα	[ ˈƐnðɛka ] / [ ˈɛndɛka ]
2	δύο	[ ˈÐiɔ ]	12th	δώδεκα	[ ˈÐɔðɛka ]	20th	είκοσι	[ ˈIkɔsi ]
3	τρεις, τρεις, τρία ⁽¹⁾	[ tris ], [ ˈtria ]	13	δεκατρείς, -τρία ⁽¹⁾	[ ðɛkaˈtria ]	30th	τριάντα	[ triˈanda ]
4th	τέσσερεις, -ρις, τέσσερα ⁽¹⁾	[ ˈTɛsɛris ], [ ˈtɛsɛra ]	14th	δεκατέσσερις, -α ⁽¹⁾	[ ðɛkaˈtɛsɛra ]	40	σαράντα	[ saˈranda ]
5	πέντε	[ ˈPɛndɛ ]	15th	δεκαπέντε	[ ðɛkaˈpɛndɛ ]	50	πενήντα	[ pɛˈninda ]
6th	έξι	[ ˈƐksi ]	16	δεκαέξι	[ ðɛkaˈɛksi ]	60	εξήντα	[ ɛˈksinda ]
7th	εφτά (also επτά ⁽²⁾ )	[ ɛfˈta ] ([ ɛpˈta ])	17th	δεκαεφτά	[ ðɛkaɛfˈta ]	70	εβδομήντα	[ ɛvðɔˈminda ]
8th	οχτώ (also οκτώ ⁽²⁾ )	[ ɔxˈtɔ ] ([ ɔkˈtɔ ])	18th	δεκαοχτώ	[ ðɛkaɔxˈtɔ ]	80	ογδόντα	[ ɔɣˈðɔnda ]
9	εννιά (also εννέα ⁽²⁾ )	[ ɛˈɲa ] ([ ɛnˈɛa ])	19th	δεκαεννιά	[ ðɛkaɛˈɲa ]	90	ενενήντα	[ ɛnɛ’ninda ]
10	δέκα	[ ˈÐɛka ]	20th	είκοσι	[ ˈIkɔsi ]	100	εκατό (ν)	[ ɛkaˈtɔ (n) ]
			21	είκοσι ένα ⁽¹⁾		101	εκατόν ένα ⁽¹⁾
			22nd	είκοσι δύο		200	διακόσιοι, -κόσιες, -κόσια ⁽¹⁾	[ ðiaˈkɔsça ]
			23	είκοσι τρία ⁽¹⁾		300	τριακόσιοι, – κόσιες, -κόσια ⁽¹⁾	[ triaˈkɔsça ]
			24	είκοσι τέσσερα ⁽¹⁾		1000	χίλιοι, χίλιες, χίλια ⁽¹⁾	[ ˈÇiʎa ]
			25th	είκοσι πέντε		2000	δύο χιλιάδες	[ çiˈʎaðɛs ]

⁽¹⁾The numerals for 1, 3 and 4 are differentiated according to gender and declined, thus also the compound numbers 13, 14, 21, 23, 24 etc. The same applies to all hundreds (except for the 100 itself) and the number 1000. With the declined numerals are in the order mask./fem./neut. specified. When counting, the form of the neuter is used.

⁽²⁾Speech and writing alternatives, no declination.

Greek numbers between 1000 and 9999

The numbers between 1000 and 9999 can also be displayed: For this purpose, the first number letter was multiplied by a thousand by adding a diacritical mark. In handwriting, one usually uses a character in the form of a small hook open to the left, in front of the number at the top left. In letterpress printing, the subscript apostrophe ͵ (Αριστερή Κεραία) has prevailed, in Unicode U + 0375.

α	β	γ	δ	ε	ϛ	ζ	η	θ
1	2	3	4th	5	6th	7th	8th	9
ι	κ	λ	μ	ν	ξ	ο	π	ϟ
10	20th	30th	40	50	60	70	80	90
ρ	σ	τ	υ	φ	χ	ψ	ω	ϡ
100	200	300	400	500	600	700	800	900
͵α	͵β	͵γ	͵δ	͵ε	͵ϛ	͵ζ	͵η	͵θ
1000	2000	3000	4000	5000	6000	7000	8000	9000

The power extension to 10 to the power of 36

Another, but very seldom used system for the representation of large numbers can be found in Apollonios von Perge, who, according to the testimony of Pappus of Alexandria , differentiated myriads of the first, second, third, etc. to the ninth order in increasing power by adding the Μ with overwritten the characters α to θ = 1 to 9, which consequently were no longer evaluated as a multiplier, but as the exponent of a power. To represent the number 5,462,360,064,000,000, this resulted in a spelling like the following:

${\ overset {\ gamma} {\ mathrm {M}}}$	͵EYZB		${\ overset {\ beta} {\ mathrm {M}}}$	͵ΓX		${\ overset {\ alpha} {\ mathrm {M}}}$	͵FY
10000 ³ × 5462		+	10000 ² × 3600		+	10000 ¹ × 6400